2022年1月4日香港民意研究所發佈會 – 傳媒參考資料
發佈會直播
講者:
鍾劍華 - 香港民意研究所副行政總裁
李傲然 - 前油尖旺區議員
戴捷輝 - 香港民意研究所經理 (數據科學)
網上評論嘉賓︰
潘麒智 - 獨立評論人
特別宣佈
香港民意研究計劃(香港民研)前身為香港大學民意研究計劃(港大民研)。公報內的「民研計劃」指的可以是香港民研或其前身港大民研。
公報簡要
民研計劃於去年十二月中由真實訪問員以隨機抽樣電話訪問方式成功訪問了1,017名香港居民。調查顯示,市民對現時經濟、政治及民生狀況的滿意淨值分別為負24、負27及負28個百分點,三者的滿意淨值相比一個月前均沒有顯著變化。以三選一的方式提問,有44%被訪市民表示目前最關心民生問題,而表示最關心政治和經濟問題的,則各佔26%。各項數字與半年前比較分別不大,但表示最關心經濟問題的比率就創2012年以來新高。以0-10分計算,市民對民生、經濟及政治問題關心程度的評分分別是7.40、7.20及6.16分,與半年前比較同樣分別不大,但民生問題關心程度再創2017年以來新低,而政治問題關心程度亦再創2018年12月以來新低。調查的實效回應比率為58.0%。在95%置信水平下,調查的百分比誤差不超過+/-4%,淨值誤差不超過+/-5%,評分誤差不超過+/-0.24。
樣本資料
調查日期 | : | 9-14/12/2021 |
調查方法 | : | 由真實訪問員進行隨機抽樣電話訪問 |
訪問對象 | : | 18歲或以上操粵語的香港居民 |
成功樣本數目[1] | : | 1,017 (包括505個固網及512個手機樣本) |
實效回應比率 | : | 58.0% |
抽樣誤差[2] | : | 在95%置信水平下,百分比誤差不超過+/-4%,淨值誤差不超過+/-5%,評分誤差不超過+/-0.24 |
加權方法 | : | 按照政府統計處提供的統計數字以「反覆多重加權法」作出調整。全港人口年齡及性別分佈統計數字來自《二零二零年年中人口數字》,而教育程度(最高就讀程度)及經濟活動身分統計數字則來自《香港的女性及男性 - 主要統計數字》(2020年版)。 |
[1] 數字為調查的總樣本數目,個別題目則可能只涉及次樣本。有關數字請參閱下列數表內列出的樣本數目。
[2] 此公報中所有誤差數字均以95%置信水平計算。95%置信水平,是指倘若以不同隨機樣本重複進行有關調查100次,則95次各自計算出的誤差範圍會包含人口真實數字。由於調查數字涉及抽樣誤差,傳媒引用百分比數字時,應避免使用小數點,在引用評分數字時,則可以使用一個小數點。
最新數據
以下是市民對社會狀況的最新評價 (數字已於去年12月21日的新聞公報發放):
調查日期 | 19-22/7/21 | 20-26/8/21 | 16-23/9/21 | 18-22/10/21 | 15-18/11/21 | 9-14/12/21 | 最新變化 |
樣本數目 | 1,000 | 1,003 | 1,036 | 1,000 | 1,004 | 1,017 | -- |
回應比率 | 48.5% | 52.9% | 44.1% | 52.2% | 53.7% | 58.0% | -- |
最新結果 | 結果 | 結果 | 結果 | 結果 | 結果 | 結果及 誤差 |
-- |
現時經濟狀況滿意率[3] | 20% | 23% | 21% | 25%[4] | 27% | 23+/-3% | -4%[4] |
現時經濟狀況不滿率[3] | 54% | 51% | 53% | 51% | 51% | 47+/-3% | -4% |
滿意率淨值 | -33% | -28% | -32% | -26% | -24% | -24+/-5% | -- |
平均量值[3] | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6+/-0.1 | -- |
現時政治狀況滿意率[3] | 26%[4] | 24% | 28%[4] | 25% | 29% | 27+/-3% | -2% |
現時政治狀況不滿率[3] | 57%[4] | 58% | 54% | 53% | 52% | 53+/-3% | +2% |
滿意率淨值 | -30%[4] | -34% | -25%[4] | -28% | -23% | -27+/-5% | -3% |
平均量值[3] | 2.3[4] | 2.3 | 2.4[4] | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4+/-0.1 | -- |
現時民生狀況滿意率[3] | 21% | 20% | 23% | 25% | 27% | 24+/-3% | -4% |
現時民生狀況不滿率[3] | 57% | 54% | 52% | 52% | 55% | 52+/-3% | -3% |
滿意率淨值 | -36% | -34% | -29% | -27% | -28% | -28+/-5% | -1% |
平均量值[3] | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5+/-0.1 | -- |
[3] 數字採自五等量尺。平均量值是把答案按照正面程度,以1分最低5分最高量化成為1、2、3、4、5分,再求取樣本平均數值。
[4] 該數字與上次調查結果的差異超過在95%置信水平的抽樣誤差,表示有關變化在統計學上表面成立。不過,變化在統計學上成立與否,並不等同有關變化是否有實際用途或意義,而不同調查的加權方法亦可能有所不同。
市民對現時經濟、政治及民生狀況的最新滿意率分別為23%、27%及24%,而滿意淨值就分別為負24、負27及負28個百分點,三者的平均量值介乎2.4至2.6,即整體上介乎「幾不滿」及「一半半」之間。三者的滿意淨值相比一個月前均沒有顯著變化。
市民對社會問題關心程度的最新調查結果表列如下:
調查日期 | 17-20/12/18 | 13-18/12/19 | 15-18/6/20 | 18-22/12/20 | 21-25/6/21 | 9-14/12/21 | 最新變化 |
樣本數目 | 1,000 | 1,046 | 1,002 | 620 | 592 | 609 | -- |
回應比率 | 60.6% | 61.6% | 54.1% | 68.7% | 49.3% | 58.0% | -- |
最新結果 | 結果 | 結果 | 結果 | 結果 | 結果 | 結果及 誤差 |
-- |
最關心民生問題比率 | 66% | 41%[6] | 44% | 53%[6] | 44%[6] | 44+/-4% | -- |
最關心政治問題比率 | 13% | 40%[6] | 35%[6] | 24%[6] | 28% | 26+/-4% | -2% |
最關心經濟問題比率 | 19% | 16% | 19% | 18% | 23%[6] | 26+/-4% | +3% |
關心民生問題的評分[5] | 7.46 | 7.57 | 7.84[6] | 7.48[6] | 7.43[6] | 7.40+/-0.16 | -0.03 |
關心經濟問題的評分[5] | 6.99 | 6.90 | 7.32[6] | 7.18 | 7.06[6] | 7.20+/-0.18 | +0.14 |
關心政治問題的評分[5] | 6.05 | 7.09[6] | 7.24 | 6.87[6] | 6.33[6] | 6.16+/-0.24 | -0.17 |
[5] 2018年10月至12月,民研計劃為不同量尺描述程度的字眼進行測試,表中數字為綜合結果。詳情請參閱網站。
[6] 該數字與上次調查結果的差異超過在95%置信水平的抽樣誤差,表示有關變化在統計學上表面成立。不過,變化在統計學上成立與否,並不等同有關變化是否有實際用途或意義,而不同調查的加權方法亦可能有所不同。
最新調查顯示,以三選一的方式提問,有44%被訪市民表示目前最關心民生問題,而表示最關心政治和經濟問題的,則各佔26%。各項數字與半年前比較分別不大,但表示最關心經濟問題的比率就創2012年以來新高。以0-10分計算,市民對民生、經濟及政治問題關心程度的評分分別是7.40、7.20及6.16分,與半年前比較同樣分別不大,但民生問題關心程度再創2017年以來新低,而政治問題關心程度亦再創2018年12月以來新低。
民意日誌
民研計劃於2007年開始與慧科訊業有限公司合作,由慧科訊業按照民研計劃設計的分析方法,將每日大事記錄傳送至民研計劃,經民研計劃核實後成為「民意日誌」。
由於本新聞公報所涉及的部分調查項目,上次調查日期為21-25/6/2021,而今次調查日期則為9-14/12/2021,因此是次公報中的「民意日誌」項目便以上述日期為依歸,讓讀者作出比較。以涵蓋率不下25%本地報章每日頭條新聞和報社評論計,在上述期間發生的相關大事包括以下事件,讀者可以自行判斷有關事件有否影響各項民調數字:
14/12/21 | 李家超率團到深圳與廣東省官員商討通關安排 |
10/12/21 | 「香港健康碼」系統開放首日有18.7萬人註冊 |
8/12/21 | 政府公佈《長遠房屋策略》周年進度報告 |
6/12/21 | 夏寶龍指「愛國者治港」是搞「五光十色」 |
29/11/21 | 政府因應Omicron疫情禁止多個國家非港人入境 |
23/11/21 | 政府宣布12月9日起擴大強制使用「安心出行」應用程式範圍 |
19/11/21 | 候選人資格審查委員會公布立法會選舉候選人審查結果 |
12/11/21 | 立法會選舉提名期結束,154人報名競逐90個席位 |
9/11/21 | 中電和港燈明年將分別加價5.8%和7% |
1/11/21 | 五人涉使用假「安心出行」應用程式被捕 |
31/10/21 | 明天起進入政府處所須強制使用「安心出行」應用程式 |
26/10/21 | 政府將取消大部分豁免檢疫群組以促成中港通關 |
8/10/21 | 政府公布《香港2030+》策略規劃最終報告 |
7/10/21 | 施政報告提出發展「北部都會區」 |
6/10/21 | 林鄭月娥發表任內最後一份施政報告 |
24/9/21 | 中國外交部發表《美國干預香港事務、支持反中亂港勢力事實清單》 |
20/9/21 | 364人當選選舉委員會委員 |
7/9/21 | 政府恢復「回港易」計劃,並將推出「來港易」計劃 |
6/9/21 | 中央政府公布前海發展方案 |
31/8/21 | 政府提出修例,放寬引入非本地培訓醫生條件 |
26/8/21 | 立法會通過垃圾徵費條例草案 |
24/8/21 | 政府提出進一步修訂《電影檢查條例》,禁止不利國家安全電影上映 |
23/8/21 | 中央政府官員向港府官員講解「十四五規劃」 |
18/8/21 | 警方以涉嫌宣揚恐怖主義拘捕4名港大學生會成員 |
15/8/21 | 民間人權陣線宣布解散 |
10/8/21 | 教協宣布即將解散 |
2/8/21 | 政府宣布四類人士如不打針須自費定期檢測 |
1/8/21 | 政府派發首期2,000元電子消費券 |
31/7/21 | 教育局全面終止與教協的工作關係 |
30/7/21 | 唐英傑就煽動分裂國家罪及恐怖活動罪被判囚9年 |
16/7/21 | 夏寶龍提出對治港者的五項要求 |
11/7/21 | 香港新增1宗新冠肺炎個案,數萬機場員工須強制檢測 |
4/7/21 | 警方以涉嫌網上煽惑暴力拘捕兩人 |
3/7/21 | 政府稱七一刺警案為「孤狼式恐怖襲擊」 |
2/7/21 | 一名男子於銅鑼灣刺警後自殺身亡 |
25/6/21 | 李家超、鄧炳強及蕭澤頤分別出任政務司司長、保安局局長及警務處處長 |
23/6/21 | 蘋果日報出版最後一份報紙,印刷量達一百萬份 |
數據分析
調查顯示,市民對現時經濟、政治及民生狀況的滿意淨值分別為負24、負27及負28個百分點,三者的滿意淨值相比一個月前均沒有顯著變化。以三選一的方式提問,有44%被訪市民表示目前最關心民生問題,而表示最關心政治和經濟問題的,則各佔26%。各項數字與半年前比較分別不大,但表示最關心經濟問題的比率就創2012年以來新高。以0-10分計算,市民對民生、經濟及政治問題關心程度的評分分別是7.40、7.20及6.16分,與半年前比較同樣分別不大,但民生問題關心程度再創2017年以來新低,而政治問題關心程度亦再創2018年12月以來新低。
Jan 04, 2022
Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute Press Conference – Press Materials
Press Conference Live
Speakers:
Kim-Wah Chung - Deputy CEO, HKPORI
Owan Li - Former Yau Tsim Mong District Councillor
Edward Tai - Manager (Data Science), HKPORI
Online Commentator:
KC Poon - Independent Commentator
Special Announcement
The predecessor of Hong Kong Public Opinion Program (HKPOP) was The Public Opinion Programme at The University of Hong Kong (HKUPOP). “POP” in this release can refer to HKPOP or its predecessor HKUPOP.
Abstract
POP successfully interviewed 1,017 Hong Kong residents by a random telephone survey conducted by real interviewers in mid-December last year. Our survey shows that people’s net satisfaction rates with the current economic, political and livelihood conditions are negative 24, negative 27 and negative 28 percentage points respectively. All three net satisfaction rates have not changed significantly compared to a month ago. Using a one-in-three choices method, 44% of the respondents were most concerned with livelihood problems currently, while 26% each attached their greatest concern to political and economic problems. Compared to half a year ago, various figures have not changed much, but the percentage of people most concerned with economic problems has registered a record high since 2012. Using a scale of 0-10 marks, the ratings of people’s concern over livelihood, economic and political problems are 7.40, 7.20 and 6.16 marks respectively. These figures also have not changed much compared to half a year ago, but people’s concern over livelihood problems has again registered a record low since 2017, while concern over political problems has again registered a record low since December 2018. The effective response rate of the survey is 58.0%. The maximum sampling error of percentages is +/-4%, that of net values is +/-5% and that of ratings is +/-0.24 at 95% confidence level.
Contact Information
Date of survey | : | 9-14/12/2021 |
Survey method | : | Random telephone survey conducted by real interviewers |
Target population | : | Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong residents aged 18 or above |
Sample size[1] | : | 1,017 (including 505 landline and 512 mobile samples) |
Effective response rate | : | 58.0% |
Sampling error[2] | : | Sampling error of percentages not more than +/-4%, that of net values not more than +/-5% and that of ratings not more than +/-0.24 at 95% conf. level |
Weighting method | : | Rim-weighted according to figures provided by the Census and Statistics Department. The gender-age distribution of the Hong Kong population came from “Mid-year population for 2020”, while the educational attainment (highest level attended) distribution and economic activity status distribution came from “Women and Men in Hong Kong - Key Statistics (2020 Edition)”. |
[1] This figure is the total sample size of the survey. Some questions may only involve a subsample, the size of which can be found in the tables below.
[2] All error figures in this release are calculated at 95% confidence level. “95% confidence level” means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times with different random samples, we would expect 95 times having the population parameter within the respective error margins calculated. Because of sampling errors, when quoting percentages, journalists should refrain from reporting decimal places, whereas one decimal place can be used when quoting rating figures.
Latest Figures
People’s recent appraisals of society’s conditions are summarized as follows (the figures have been released in the press release on December 21 last year):
Date of survey | 19-22/7/21 | 20-26/8/21 | 16-23/9/21 | 18-22/10/21 | 15-18/11/21 | 9-14/12/21 | Latest change |
Sample size | 1,000 | 1,003 | 1,036 | 1,000 | 1,004 | 1,017 | -- |
Response rate | 48.5% | 52.9% | 44.1% | 52.2% | 53.7% | 58.0% | -- |
Latest findings | Finding | Finding | Finding | Finding | Finding | Finding & error | -- |
Current economic condition: Satisfaction rate[3] |
20% | 23% | 21% | 25%[4] | 27% | 23+/-3% | -4%[4] |
Current economic condition: Dissatisfaction rate[3] |
54% | 51% | 53% | 51% | 51% | 47+/-3% | -4% |
Net satisfaction rate | -33% | -28% | -32% | -26% | -24% | -24+/-5% | -- |
Mean value[3] | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6+/-0.1 | -- |
Current political condition: Satisfaction rate[3] |
26%[4] | 24% | 28%[4] | 25% | 29% | 27+/-3% | -2% |
Current political condition: Dissatisfaction rate[3] |
57%[4] | 58% | 54% | 53% | 52% | 53+/-3% | +2% |
Net satisfaction rate | -30%[4] | -34% | -25%[4] | -28% | -23% | -27+/-5% | -3% |
Mean value[3] | 2.3[4] | 2.3 | 2.4[4] | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4+/-0.1 | -- |
Current livelihood condition: Satisfaction rate[3] |
21% | 20% | 23% | 25% | 27% | 24+/-3% | -4% |
Current livelihood condition: Dissatisfaction rate[3] |
57% | 54% | 52% | 52% | 55% | 52+/-3% | -3% |
Net satisfaction rate | -36% | -34% | -29% | -27% | -28% | -28+/-5% | -1% |
Mean value[3] | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5+/-0.1 | -- |
[3] Collapsed from a 5-point scale. The mean value is calculated by quantifying all individual responses into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 marks according to their degree of positive level, where 1 is the lowest and 5 the highest, and then calculate the sample mean.
[4] The difference between the figure and the result from the previous survey has gone beyond the sampling error at 95% confidence level, meaning that the change is statistically significant prima facie. However, whether the difference is statistically significant is not the same as whether they are practically useful or meaningful, and different weighting methods could have been applied in different surveys.
People’s latest satisfaction rates with the current economic, political and livelihood conditions are 23%, 27% and 24% respectively, while the net satisfaction rates are negative 24, negative 27 and negative 28 percentage points respectively. The mean scores fall between 2.4 and 2.6, meaning between “quite dissatisfied” and “half-half” in general. All three net satisfaction rates have not changed significantly compared to a month ago.
The latest survey results on people’s level of concern for social problems are summarized as follows:
Date of survey | 17-20/12/18 | 13-18/12/19 | 15-18/6/20 | 18-22/12/20 | 21-25/6/21 | 9-14/12/21 | Latest change |
Sample size | 1,000 | 1,046 | 1,002 | 620 | 592 | 609 | -- |
Response rate | 60.6% | 61.6% | 54.1% | 68.7% | 49.3% | 58.0% | -- |
Latest findings | Finding | Finding | Finding | Finding | Finding | Finding & error | -- |
Most concerned with livelihood problems | 66% | 41%[6] | 44% | 53%[6] | 44%[6] | 44+/-4% | -- |
Most concerned with political problems | 13% | 40%[6] | 35%[6] | 24%[6] | 28% | 26+/-4% | -2% |
Most concerned with economic problems | 19% | 16% | 19% | 18% | 23%[6] | 26+/-4% | +3% |
Rating on concern for livelihood problems[5] | 7.46 | 7.57 | 7.84[6] | 7.48[6] | 7.43[6] | 7.40+/-0.16 | -0.03 |
Rating on concern for economic problems[5] | 6.99 | 6.90 | 7.32[6] | 7.18 | 7.06[6] | 7.20+/-0.18 | +0.14 |
Rating on concern for political problems[5] | 6.05 | 7.09[6] | 7.24 | 6.87[6] | 6.33[6] | 6.16+/-0.24 | -0.17 |
[5] From October to December 2018, POP conducted tests on the wordings used in different rating scales. Figures in the table are the combined results. Please visit our website for details.
[6] The difference between the figure and the result from the previous survey has gone beyond the sampling error at 95% confidence level, meaning that the change is statistically significant prima facie. However, whether the difference is statistically significant is not the same as whether they are practically useful or meaningful, and different weighting methods could have been applied in different surveys.
The latest survey shows that using a one-in-three choices method, 44% of the respondents were most concerned with livelihood problems currently, while 26% each attached their greatest concern to political and economic problems. Compared to half a year ago, various figures have not changed much, but the percentage of people most concerned with economic problems has registered a record high since 2012. Using a scale of 0-10 marks, the ratings of people’s concern over livelihood, economic and political problems are 7.40, 7.20 and 6.16 marks respectively. These figures also have not changed much compared to half a year ago, but people’s concern over livelihood problems has again registered a record low since 2017, while concern over political problems has again registered a record low since December 2018.
Opinion Daily
In 2007, POP started collaborating with Wisers Information Limited whereby Wisers supplies to POP a record of significant events of that day according to the research method designed by POP. These daily entries would then become “Opinion Daily” after they are verified by POP.
For some of the polling items covered in this press release, the previous survey was conducted from 21 to 25 June, 2021 while this survey was conducted from 9 to 14 December, 2021. During this period, herewith the significant events selected from counting newspaper headlines and commentaries on a daily basis and covered by at least 25% of the local newspaper articles. Readers can make their own judgment if these significant events have any impacts to different polling figures.
14/12/21 | John Lee leads a delegation to Shenzhen to discuss details of border reopening with officials from Guangdong. |
10/12/21 | 187,000 people have registered on the day the “Hong Kong Health Code” system opens. |
8/12/21 | The government publishes the “Long Term Housing Strategy” annual progress report. |
6/12/21 | Xia Baolong says the “patriots administering Hong Kong” principle aims at achieving participation of people from diverse backgrounds. |
29/11/21 | The government bans non-residents arriving from multiple countries in response to the spread of Omicron variant. |
23/11/21 | The government announces the extension of mandatory use of “LeaveHomeSafe” app to more premises starting from December 9. |
19/11/21 | The Candidate Eligibility Review Committee announces the review results of candidates for the Legislative Council election. |
12/11/21 | Nomination period for Legislative Council election ends with 154 candidates competing for 90 seats. |
9/11/21 | CLP Power and Hongkong Electric will increase their tariffs by 5.8% and 7% respectively. |
1/11/21 | Five people are arrested for using fake “LeaveHomeSafe” apps. |
31/10/21 | Starting from tomorrow, it is mandatory to use the “LeaveHomeSafe” app when entering government premises. |
26/10/21 | The government will axe most quarantine exemptions to facilitate border reopening with mainland China. |
8/10/21 | The government publishes the “Hong Kong 2030+” strategic planning final report. |
7/10/21 | The Policy Address proposes developing the “Northern Metropolis”. |
6/10/21 | Carrie Lam delivers the last Policy Address during her term of office. |
24/9/21 | China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs publishes the “Fact Sheet: U.S. Interference in Hong Kong Affairs and Support for Anti-China, Destabilizing Forces”. |
20/9/21 | 364 members of the Election Committee are elected. |
7/9/21 | The government resumes the Return2hk Scheme and will launch the Come2hk Scheme. |
6/9/21 | The Central Government releases the development plan of Qianhai. |
31/8/21 | The government proposes amendments to relax requirements for non-locally trained doctors to practise in Hong Kong. |
26/8/21 | The Legislative Council passes waste-charging bill. |
24/8/21 | The government further amends the “Film Censorship Ordinance” to ban exhibition of films that are contrary to the interests of national security. |
23/8/21 | Officials from the Central Government explain the 14th five-year plan to Hong Kong government officials. |
18/8/21 | Police arrests four members of the HKU Students’ Union who allegedly advocated terrorism. |
15/8/21 | Civil Human Rights Front announces its disbandment. |
10/8/21 | The Hong Kong Professional Teachers’ Union announces it will be dissolved. |
2/8/21 | The government requires four targeted groups to undergo regular testing at their own expense if they do not get vaccinated. |
1/8/21 | The government delivers the first batch of electronic consumption vouchers worth $2,000. |
31/7/21 | The Education Bureau terminates all working relations with Hong Kong Professional Teachers’ Union. |
30/7/21 | Tong Ying-kit is jailed for 9 years for inciting secession and terrorism. |
16/7/21 | Xia Baolong spells out five qualities people who govern Hong Kong must possess. |
11/7/21 | Hong Kong confirms a case of coronavirus disease, leading to compulsory testing for tens of thousands of airport staff. |
4/7/21 | Police arrests two people who allegedly incited violence online. |
3/7/21 | The government calls the July 1 stabbing a “lone wolf terrorist attack”. |
2/7/21 | A man kills himself after stabbing a police officer in Causeway Bay. |
25/6/21 | John Lee, Chris Tang and Raymond Siu are appointed as Chief Secretary, Secretary for Security and Commissioner of Police respectively. |
23/6/21 | Apple Daily prints one million copies of its final issue. |
Data Analysis
Our survey shows that people’s net satisfaction rates with the current economic, political and livelihood conditions are negative 24, negative 27 and negative 28 percentage points respectively. All three net satisfaction rates have not changed significantly compared to a month ago. Using a one-in-three choices method, 44% of the respondents were most concerned with livelihood problems currently, while 26% each attached their greatest concern to political and economic problems. Compared to half a year ago, various figures have not changed much, but the percentage of people most concerned with economic problems has registered a record high since 2012. Using a scale of 0-10 marks, the ratings of people’s concern over livelihood, economic and political problems are 7.40, 7.20 and 6.16 marks respectively. These figures also have not changed much compared to half a year ago, but people’s concern over livelihood problems has again registered a record low since 2017, while concern over political problems has again registered a record low since December 2018.